Mental Health Friday 2023-05-19
On Mental Health Friday, we post, in alphabetical order, one per week, information on mental health disorders. Mental Health Friday is for informational purposes only, and is in no way meant to diagnose, treat or cure any disease. Please do not self diagnose and seek professional help for what ails you.
Link: FindTreatment.gov is an online source of information for persons seeking substance use and/or mental health treatment facilities in the United States or U.S. Territories.
Major Depressive Disorder
By Editorial Team
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Here are the key aspects of MDD:
- Diagnostic Criteria: To be diagnosed with MDD, an individual must experience a major depressive episode, which involves experiencing at least five of the following symptoms nearly every day for a minimum duration of two weeks:
a. Depressed mood: A pervasive feeling of sadness, emptiness, or irritability. b. Anhedonia: Loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities. c. Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in appetite. d. Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness). e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation: Restlessness or slowed movements. f. Fatigue or loss of energy. g. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt. h. Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or thinking clearly. i. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.
- Duration and Impairment: The symptoms of MDD must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. They should not be better explained by other medical or psychiatric conditions.
- Recurrence and Chronicity: MDD is often a recurrent condition, with individuals experiencing multiple episodes throughout their lives. Some individuals may also experience chronic depressive symptoms without complete remission between episodes.
- Causes and Risk Factors: The exact cause of MDD is unknown, but it is likely influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Family history, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, chronic stress, and certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing MDD.
- Comorbidity: MDD commonly co-occurs with other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, and eating disorders.
- Treatment: MDD is a treatable condition, and several approaches are available:
a. Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and other forms of therapy can help individuals manage depressive symptoms and develop coping strategies. b. Medication: Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and others, may be prescribed by a healthcare professional. c. Lifestyle changes: Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress can support overall well-being and aid in the treatment of MDD. d. Social support: Building a strong support system of family, friends, or support groups can provide emotional assistance and understanding.
- Prognosis: With appropriate treatment and support, the prognosis for individuals with MDD is generally positive. However, if left untreated, MDD can lead to severe impairment and an increased risk of self-harm or suicide.
It is important to note that this response provides a general overview of MDD, and individual experiences and manifestations of the condition can vary. It is always recommended to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.