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Mental Health Friday 2024-05-03

On Mental Health Friday, we post, in alphabetical order, one per week, information on mental health disorders. Mental Health Friday is for informational purposes only, and is in no way meant to diagnose, treat or cure any disease. Please do not self diagnose and seek professional help for what ails you.

FindTreatment.gov is an online source of information for persons seeking substance use and/or mental health treatment facilities in the United States or U.S. Territories.

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Phencyclidine-related Disorder

Editorial Team

Phencyclidine-related disorder, also known as PCP-related disorder, refers to a cluster of symptoms and behavioral changes that result from the use, misuse, or withdrawal from phencyclidine (PCP), commonly known as angel dust. PCP is a dissociative anesthetic drug that was originally developed for medical use but is now primarily used illicitly due to its hallucinogenic effects.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of various aspects of Phencyclidine-related Disorder:

1. Diagnostic Criteria:

Phencyclidine-related disorder is classified under the category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The diagnostic criteria include:

• A problematic pattern of PCP use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following within a 12-month period:
  1. Tolerance: needing increased amounts of PCP to achieve desired effects or experiencing diminished effects with continued use of the same amount.
  2. Withdrawal: experiencing characteristic withdrawal symptoms or using PCP or a similar substance to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
  3. PCP is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended.
  4. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control PCP use.
  5. Significant time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of PCP.
  6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of PCP use.
  7. Continued use of PCP despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by PCP.

2. Clinical Presentation:

• Intoxication Symptoms: When a person is under the influence of PCP, they may exhibit a range of symptoms including altered sensory perception, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, paranoia, impulsivity, aggression, and violent behavior. PCP intoxication can be dangerous and unpredictable, often leading to medical emergencies.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Withdrawal from PCP can include depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, and in severe cases, psychotic symptoms resembling schizophrenia.

3. Physiological Effects:

• PCP affects the brain by disrupting the normal functioning of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin. This disruption leads to the characteristic symptoms of PCP intoxication.
• PCP also has various physiological effects such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, shallow breathing, and muscle rigidity.

4. Psychological Effects:

• PCP is known for its profound effects on perception and cognition, often leading to vivid hallucinations, distorted sense of time, and dissociation from reality.
• Psychological effects can vary widely from euphoria and feelings of invincibility to extreme anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks.

5. Long-Term Effects:

• Chronic use of PCP can lead to persistent cognitive deficits, memory problems, and mood disturbances.
• Prolonged use may also result in the development of PCP-induced psychotic disorder, characterized by persistent psychotic symptoms even after cessation of drug use.

6. Treatment:

• Treatment for PCP-related disorder typically involves a combination of medical detoxification, behavioral therapy, and support groups.
• Medications may be used to manage withdrawal symptoms and co-occurring mental health disorders.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing are commonly used therapeutic approaches to address substance use and related behaviors.

7. Prognosis:

• The prognosis for individuals with PCP-related disorder varies depending on factors such as the severity of the addiction, presence of co-occurring mental health disorders, and access to treatment.
• With appropriate treatment and support, many individuals can achieve recovery and lead fulfilling lives free from PCP use.

8. Prevention:

• Prevention efforts focus on education, public awareness campaigns, and early intervention programs targeting individuals at risk of PCP use.
• Strategies may include educating communities about the dangers of PCP, promoting healthy coping mechanisms, and providing resources for individuals struggling with substance use disorders.

In summary, Phencyclidine-related disorder encompasses a range of symptoms and behavioral changes resulting from the use, misuse, or withdrawal from PCP. It can have serious physiological, psychological, and social consequences, but with appropriate treatment and support, recovery is possible. Prevention efforts play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of PCP-related disorders on individuals and communities.